South Asian Research Journal of Natural Products

Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Toxicity Analysis of Chloroform Extract of Aegle marmelos L. Correa Leaf

Homa Karki

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Nirmal Parajuli

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Arjun Thapa

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Aaradhana Pokharel

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Rakesh Kumar Yadav

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Sujan Dhital

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Timila Shrestha

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal and Kathmandu Valley College, Syuchatar Bridge, Kalanki, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Samjhana Bharati

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal and Kathmandu Valley College, Syuchatar Bridge, Kalanki, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Binita Maharjan

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal and Kathmandu Valley College, Syuchatar Bridge, Kalanki, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Deval Prasad Bhattarai *

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

Ram Lal Swagat Shrestha *

Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal and  Kathmandu Valley College, Syuchatar Bridge, Kalanki, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

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Abstract

Phytochemicals are responsible constituents for the therapeutic potential in medicinal plants. In this study, Aegle marmelos leaf powder was extracted through cold percolation and fractionation process. Analysis of the leaf chloroform extract through phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, and protein. The GC-MS analysis of the crude chloroform extract revealed nine primary compounds, with the most prevalent constituents being Limonene dioxide, which comprised 27.78%, and Germacrene-B, 20.65%. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the chloroform extract was found to be 58.36 mg GAE/g and 142.29 mg QC/g of dry extract, respectively. Chloroform extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 7 mm. The IC₅₀ of the chloroform extract against DPPH radical was found to be 308.21 μg/mL. The extract demonstrated cytotoxic against brine shrimp larva, with a lethal concentration of 157.49 μg/mL. Further in vitro and in vivo experimentation on this plant would enhance the potential therapeutic significance evaluation of the plant.

Keywords: Aegle marmelos, extraction, phytochemicals, antioxidant, toxicity

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