Overview Across Green Production of Citric Acid
Published: 2023-10-05
Page: 232-238
Issue: 2023 - Volume 6 [Issue 3]
Amber S. Gad *
Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Citric acid has a prominent position between the most highly pertinent biotechnological products in industrial demand. Multi-functional citric acid is well known of its applications, mainly in the food and nanotechnology drug delivery sectors. Improper disposal of the agro-waste causes a serious ecological threat by encouraging growth of microbial pathogens. The alternatives for utilization of such cellulosic biomass are therefore of great importance for cleaner production to reduce the cost of bioactive compounds production. Hence, pulps, seeds and peels wastes were used as feedstocks carbon sources for a citric acid-production. This review provides a brief summary describing microorganisms, morphology, self-immobilization, bioreactors variability, metabolic engineering, parameter optima and product recovery in order to highlight microbial citric acid production.
Keywords: A. niger, glycolytic flux, biological carriers, Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC), immobilization, genetic engineered strains